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Taiwanese Mandarin version (#159)

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* Init and Index.md for Chinese (Taiwanese)

* Translate what-is gender Chinese (Taiwanese)

* init Chinese (Taiwanese)

* init Chinese (Taiwanese)

* Add Harry Benjamin entry and update wording in Taiwanese Chinese

* Update translate for depersonalization

* Translate and update "Gender Euphoria" content to Taiwanese Chinese

* Update link title to Taiwanese Chinese in the Gender Dysphoria Bible

* Update translation for "Physical Gender Dysphoria" content to Taiwanese Chinese

* Update navigation links to Taiwanese Chinese in euphoria, history, and physical dysphoria pages

* Update title and description in physical dysphoria page to improve clarity in Taiwanese Chinese

* Add translations for biochemical-dysphoria in Taiwanese Chinese

* Taiwanese Chinese translations for social dysphoria

* Update Taiwanese Chinese translations and improve clarity in the Gender Dysphoria content

* Update Taiwanese Chinese translations for societal  dysphoria content

* Fix links in societal dysphoria page for Taiwanese Chinese translations

* update Taiwanese Chinese translations for sexual dysphoria content

* Update Taiwanese Chinese translations for presentational dysphoria content

* Update Taiwanese Chinese translations for existential dysphoria content

* Update Taiwanese Chinese translations for managed dysphoria content

* Update Taiwanese Chinese translations for cause, diagnoses and treatment content

* Update Taiwanese Chinese translation for impostor syndrome content

* Add Taiwanese Chinese translation to the concatenation list

* Add Taiwanese Chinese locale support in engines.js

* Update Taiwanese Chinese translation for am-i-trans content

* Fix layout

* Enhance Taiwanese Chinese translation for chromosomes page

* Fix layout

* Update Taiwanese Chinese translations for hormones content

* Update Taiwanese Chinese translations for second puberty masc content

* Update Taiwanese Chinese translations for second puberty fem content

* Update Taiwanese Chinese translation for conclusion page

* Update Taiwanese Chinese translations for menu items

* Add Taiwanese Mandarin option to language menu

* Fix lang menu

* fix lang menu

* update titlecard for Taiwanese version

* Updata translation

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Co-authored-by: Pichu <pichu@mobagel.com>
This commit is contained in:
Pichu Chen
2025-04-09 23:08:04 +08:00
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---
date: "2020-01-26T20:41:55.827Z"
lang: "tw"
title: "性別不安的體現：生化不安"
linkTitle: "生化不安"
description: "造成心理困擾的性別不安的真實生物因素。"
preBody: '_disclaimer'
classes:
- gdb
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siblings:
prev: /tw/physical-dysphoria
prevCaption: 身體不安
next: /tw/social-dysphoria
nextCaption: 社交不安
---
<!-- # Biochemical Dysphoria -->
# 生化不安
<!-- The primary sexual features of the body begin development during the eighth week of human gestation. Typically, by week 11, it is possible to determine the genitals of a fetus via ultrasound. The brain, however, forms [between weeks 14 and 24](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2989000/#Sec5title). Current prevailing understanding of neurological development suggests that it is during these 10 weeks when the brain will either masculinize or feminize based upon the presence of testosterone in the fetus bloodstream (initiated by the SRY gene on the Y chromosome, or introduced from other sources). This process locks the brain into a pattern of either desiring estrogens or androgens. -->
人體的第一性徵始於妊娠第八週。通常情況下，到第 11 週，就可以通過超音波檢查確定胎兒的生殖器官。然而，大腦的形成則是在[第 14 週到第 24 週之間](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2989000/#Sec5title)。目前主流的神經發育學觀點認為，在這 10 週內，大腦會根據胎兒血液中睪固酮的存在與否（由 Y 染色體上的 SRY 基因啟動，或從其他來源引入）而男性化或女性化。這個過程會將大腦鎖定成渴望雌激素或雄激素的模式。
<!-- If your brain is wired for one kind of gonadal hormones (such as testosterone) and your body produces the other hormone (such as estradiol), this can result in a biochemical malfunction within your brain chemistry. This produces a sort of brain fog: a reduction in mental capacity and a general state of anxiety and unease. This is the source of the first two symptoms that often alleviate with medical hormonal therapy: **depersonalization and derealization (DPDR)**. -->
如果你的大腦天生需要某一種性腺激素（例如睪固酮），而你的身體卻產生另一種激素（例如雌二醇），這可能會導致大腦化學的生化功能失常。這會產生一種腦霧：心智能力下降，並伴隨著普遍的焦慮和不安感。這就是通常透過荷爾蒙治療可以緩解的前兩種症狀的根源：**失自我感(depersonalization)和 失現實感(derealization)（DPDR）**。
{!{
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<strong>Brea</strong>
<span>theredgrrl</span>
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<img
src="{{rev sizes.0.url}}"
alt="{{alt}}"
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<!-- #TransformationTuesday - As I’ve often said on posts like this, our eyes reflect our lives. The biggest difference I see in how trans people look after transition is always the eyes; often looking sad or distant in the past, and being bright and full of life in the present -->
#TransformationTuesday - 我在這樣的貼文中經常提到，我們的眼睛反映了我們的人生。我看到的跨性別者在轉變後外貌最大的不同，永遠都在眼神；過去的眼神通常看起來悲傷或疏離，而現在則明亮且充滿活力。
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<time datetime="2019-11-05T19:54:45+00:00">Nov 5, 2019</time>
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<!-- **Depersonalization** is a disconnect from your own body: an inability to believe that the person you see in the mirror is actually yourself. You feel like you are watching someone else in your body. You may find yourself not caring about what happens to your body, feeling a lack of concern with weight changes or improving your fitness because you have no ownership of this fleshy vehicle that transports you around your life. -->
**失自我感(depersonalization)** 是指與自身身體的脫節：無法相信你在鏡子中看到的人實際上就是你自己。你感覺像是正在觀看別人操控著你的身體。你可能會發現自己不在乎身體發生了什麼事，對體重變化或增進體能缺乏關心，因為你對這個載著你生活的肉體容器沒有所有權感。
<!-- Zinnia Jones [gives these descriptions for Depersonalization](https://web.archive.org/web/20190406141617/https://genderanalysis.net/2017/06/depersonalization-in-gender-dysphoria-widespread-and-widely-unrecognized/): -->
Zinnia Jones [對失自我感的描述如下](https://web.archive.org/web/20190406141617/https://genderanalysis.net/2017/06/depersonalization-in-gender-dysphoria-widespread-and-widely-unrecognized/)：
<!-- - A sense of detachment or estrangement from your own thoughts, feelings, or body: “I know I have feelings but I don’t feel them”
- Feeling split into two parts, with one going through the motions of participating in the world and one observing quietly: “There is this body that walks around and somebody else just watches”
- Feeling as if you have an “unreal” or absent self: “I have no self”
- Experiencing the world as distant, dreamlike, foggy, lifeless, colorless, artificial, like a picture with no depth, or less than real
- Being absorbed in yourself and experiencing a compulsive self-scrutiny or extreme rumination
- Having an ongoing and coherent dialog with yourself
- Feeling like a veil or glass wall separates you from the world
- Emotional or physical numbness, such as a feeling of having a head filled with cotton
- Lacking a sense of agency – feeling flat, robotic, dead, or like a “zombie”
- Inability to imagine things
- Being able to think clearly, but feeling as if some essential quality is lacking from your thoughts or experience of the world
- A sense of disconnectedness from life, impeding you from creative and open involvement with the world -->
- 與你自己的想法、感受或身體分離或疏離的感覺：「我知道我有感覺，但我感覺不到它們」
- 感覺分裂成兩個部分，一個部分經歷著參與世界的動作，另一個部分則靜靜地觀察：「有一個身體在走動，而另一個人只是看著」
- 感覺好像你有一個「不真實」或不存在的自我：「我沒有自我」
- 感覺世界是遙遠的、夢幻般的、朦朧的、沒有生氣的、沒有色彩的、人造的，像一幅沒有深度的圖畫，或是不真實的
- 全神貫注於自己，經歷強迫性的自我審視或極端的沉思
- 與自己持續不斷地進行連貫的對話
- 感覺像有一層面紗或玻璃牆將你與世界隔開
- 情緒或身體麻木，例如感覺頭裡塞滿了棉花
- 缺乏自主感——感覺平淡、像機器人、像死了一樣，或者像個「殭屍」
- 無法想像事物
- 能夠清晰地思考，但感覺你的思想或對世界的體驗缺乏一些重要的特質
- 與生活脫節的感覺，阻礙你創造性地、開放地參與世界
<!-- You may put little care into your physical appearance, reaching for only the basic utilitarian needs in clothing and personal hygiene. Alternatively, you may hyperfocus on your appearance, attempting to try to spark some kind of joy, any kind of feeling of pride in your own body, only to be met with more hollowness. -->
你可能不太在意自己的外表，只追求服裝和個人衛生方面的基本實用需求。或者，你可能會過度關注自己的外表，試圖激發某種快樂，任何一種對自己身體的自豪感，卻只會遇到更多的空虛感。
<!-- You may be unconcerned with the state of your body, perhaps not even fearing death, because you have so little attachment to your life. -->
你可能不關心你的身體狀況，甚至可能不害怕死亡，因為你對自己的生命沒有什麼依戀。
{!{ <div class="gutter">{{import '~/tweet' ids=[
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> 你潛意識裡覺得自己和大多數人「不一樣」。你的朋友或許懂你，但你本能地、無意識地在自身和「一般人」之間劃清界線。當你和「一般人」互動時，你不太確定該說什麼或怎麼做。
>
> 你發現很難將自己的感受放在優先位置。你知道自己 *應該* 有什麼感受，但這些感受卻很遙遠，而且像是裝出來的。當別人感到沮喪時，那感覺卻真實且急迫得多。你認為這只是你堅忍、保護自己的天性使然。
>
> 你常常覺得人生沒有方向。在高中時期被問到職涯目標時，你其實不太在意自己的答案。即使是圍繞著你興趣發展的職業，似乎也讓你難以忍受。你很難想像一個自己感到快樂或滿足的未來。
>
> 你只會在外部力量 *迫使* 你的情況下，才會採取行動改善生活。你寧願退縮、降低自己的存在感，並專注於逃避現實的嗜好。你就是沒有動力去為自己爭取美好的事物。（你告訴自己，這是一種佛系，一種擺脫慾望的自由。）
<!-- **Derealization** is a detachment from the world around you: a mental sense that everything you perceive is false. -->
**失現實感(Derealization)** 是指與周圍世界的脫離：一種認為你所感知的一切都是虛假的心理狀態。
<!-- - Your surroundings seem alien or unfamiliar, even if you've always been there, like someone has swapped out your house for a stage replica.
- Moving through the world feels like you're walking on a treadmill, with the buildings moving around you instead of you through them.
- Feeling emotionally disconnected from people you care about, as if you were separated by a glass wall, or like they are just actors pretending to be the people they claim to be.
- Surroundings that appear distorted, blurry, colorless, two-dimensional or artificial, or a heightened awareness and clarity of your surroundings. Leaves on trees feel like they have extra sharp edges, for example.
- Distortions in perception of time, such as recent events feeling like distant past.
- Distortions of distance and the size and shape of objects
- Feeling like a passive observer in the events of your life -->
- 你周圍的環境看起來很陌生，即使你一直都在那裡，就像有人把你的房子換成了一個舞台複製品。
- 在世界上移動感覺就像在跑步機上行走，建築物在你周圍移動，而不是你在建築物中移動。
- 感覺與你在乎的人情感上脫節，好像你們被一堵玻璃牆隔開，或者他們只是演員，假裝是他們自稱的人。
- 周圍的環境看起來扭曲、模糊、無色、二維或人造，或者對周圍環境的意識和清晰度提高。例如，樹上的葉子感覺邊緣格外銳利。
- 時間感知的扭曲，例如最近的事件感覺像是遙遠的過去。
- 距離以及物體大小和形狀的扭曲
- 感覺像是你生活中事件的被動觀察者
<!-- If you found yourself strongly relating to *The Matrix* or *The Truman Show*, you might be experiencing derealization. This can also manifest as a feeling of otherworldliness, like you don't belong in this society. You're just walking around waiting for your super powers to appear, or for an owl to fly up with your letter to Hogwarts. As a teen I was obsessed with an episode of *The Outer Limits* where a boy discovers a spaceship under his house and learns that he and his parents aren't actually human. -->
如果你對《駭客任務》或《楚門的世界》強烈產生共鳴，你可能正在經歷去現實感。這種感覺也可能表現為一種異世界感，就像你不屬於這個社會。你只是四處遊走，等待你的超能力出現，或者等待一隻貓頭鷹飛來，帶著你前往霍格華茲的錄取通知。在我青少年時期，我非常著迷於《第九空間》(The Outer Limits) 的一集，內容是一個男孩在他家底下發現了一艘太空船，並得知他和他的父母其實不是人類。
<!-- DPDR sometimes comes with an emotional stunting. You are able to laugh and find humor, but rarely ever genuine joy. Moments of sadness or grief cause you to just go numb, dissociated by the event that caused it. This can also go in the opposite direction, where the person is under so much anxiety that their emotional response is extremely disproportionate to the catalyst, resulting in severe crying or violent outbursts from seemingly small events. -->
現實解離人格解離症 (DPDR) 有時會伴隨著情緒上的遲鈍。你能夠笑也能找到幽默感，但卻很少感受到真正的快樂。傷心或哀痛的時刻只會讓你感到麻木，與造成它的事件脫離。這也可能走向相反的方向，患者處於極度焦慮的狀態，他們的情緒反應與觸發事件的比例極度不相稱，導致看似微不足道的小事就引起劇烈哭泣或暴怒。
<!-- It's important to note that DPDR is not exclusive to gender dysphoria. This condition is comorbid with several other mental health issues, including chronic depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, and borderline personality disorder. DPDR should not be taken as a sign of gender dysphoria purely on its own; it's just a big alarm signal that something is very wrong. It's also usually pretty easy to spot externally, once you know how to watch for it. People with DPDR tend to have a mile long stare as they move about in the world; eyes so gloomy and dead that they look like a shell. One of the most common comments on transition timelines is how the eyes gain so much spark. -->
重要的是，現實解離人格解離症(DPDR)並非性別不安所獨有。這種病症與其他幾種心理健康問題共病，包括慢性憂鬱症、強迫症和邊緣型人格障礙。不應單純將現實解離人格解離症視為性別焦慮的徵兆；它只是一個很大的警訊，表明情況非常不對勁。一旦你知道如何觀察它，通常也很容易從外部發現。現實解離人格解離症患者在世上走動時，往往眼神茫然，目光呆滯無神，看起來像個空殼。在跨性別者轉變過程的記錄中，最常見的評論之一就是眼神如何變得更有神采。
<!-- ### The Ebb and Flow -->
### 潮起潮落
<!-- The intensity of physical and biochemical dysphoria is highly influenced by other factors in the body. Because it is a function of endocrine balance, it is also manipulated by those balances. This means that it can rise and fall from day to day. For example: -->
生理和生化性別焦慮的強度會受到體內其他因素的高度影響。由於它是內分泌平衡的一種功能，它也會被這些平衡所操縱。這意味著它會每天起伏變化。例如：
<!-- - If your blood sugar is out of whack, or you have a thyroid condition, it could cause your dysphoria to spike.
- If you are having dopamine withdrawal because of ceasing stimulants, that can make it worse.
- If you start on an SSRI antidepressant and start running with more serotonin, that can make it less intense.
- Transfeminine AMABs (people assigned male at birth) with testicles experience surges in testosterone in relation to attraction and desire, which can make them more dysphoric.
- Transmasculine AFABs (people assigned female at birth) with unsuppressed ovaries experience rises and falls in estrogen and progesterone over the course of their menstrual cycle, making their dysphoria intensify and lessen based on what day of the cycle they are on. -->
- 如果你的血糖失調，或者你有甲狀腺疾病，它可能會導致你的不安感加劇。
- 如果你因為停止使用興奮劑而出現多巴胺戒斷症狀，那會使情況變得更糟。
- 如果你開始服用 SSRIs 抗憂鬱藥，並開始分泌更多血清素，那可以降低它的強度。
- 睪丸未摘除的指定男性出生 (AMAB) 跨性別女性，會因為性吸引和性慾而經歷睪固酮的激增，這會使他們的焦慮更加嚴重。
- 卵巢未抑制的指定女性出生 (AFAB) 跨性別男性，會在月經週期中經歷雌激素和黃體酮的上升和下降，這會使他們的焦慮隨著週期中的哪一天而加劇或減輕。
<!-- There are dozens of systems in the body that all work in tandem, and they all fluctuate from day to day, manipulating general mental state. This general dysphoria can amplify the affect of all other dysphoria. One day you can shrug off misgendering like it's nothing, and then the next it hurts like a stab in the heart every time. One day you see yourself in the mirror, the next you're staring at the old you. -->
體內有數十個系統協同工作，它們每天都在波動，操縱著整體的心理狀態。這種普遍的不安感會放大所有其他不安感的影響。有一天，你可能對被誤認性別毫不在意，但第二天，每次被誤認性別都像心如刀割。有一天你在鏡子裡看到的是自己，第二天你看到的卻是過去的你。
<!-- Some people experience this in a genderfluid way, with some days leaning male, same days leaning female, and other days not feeling any gender, or both. Others just feel it like a seasonal river; sometimes it swells because of rains up stream, sometimes it slows to a trickle because of drought. -->
有些人以性別流動的方式體驗這種情況，有些日子偏向男性，有些日子偏向女性，還有些日子沒有任何性別認同，或者兼具兩者。其他人則感覺它像一條季節性河流；有時因為上游的雨水而水位上漲，有時因為乾旱而水流緩慢。
<!-- All of this is valid, and just because you feel very dysphoric one day and not dysphoric the next does not mean that you aren't really trans. -->
所有這些都是合理的，你今天感到非常不安，而第二天卻沒有，並不意味著你不是真正的跨性別者。
<!-- ### This Happens Both Ways -->
### 雙向皆然
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> 請注意，如果一個感到困惑的順性別人士嘗試進行醫療變性，而沒有被眾多荒謬的守門人或需要簽字的真正醫學專業人士阻止的話，以下是可能會發生的事情：他們會服用一些藥物或注射。
>
> 接著會讓他們感覺非常糟糕，就像把糖倒進大腦的油箱一樣。在這個時候，我們可以假設他們會立即停止服用他們實際上不需要的激素補充劑，並恢復正常生活，不會有任何持續的後果。
>
> 如果一個 **真的** 非常固執且困惑的順性別者忽略這種極度糟糕的感覺，並持續服用他們不應該服用的HRT數個月，他們可能還會經歷一些痤瘡和/或皮膚變得乾淨透亮，看起來很棒，而女性則可能開始長出鬍鬚。
>
> 處於這種情況的男性在服用不需要的雌二醇補充劑大約一年左右後，可能會出現男性女乳症，感覺完全就像是垃圾。在類似的時間範圍內，任何人的生殖器都可能表現得不像原本的樣子，
>
> 我想這也是一種會讓人覺得「嘿，這不對」的情況，然後就會停止服用他們誤用的藥物。然後，一切又會恢復正常。
>
> 喔，以上我說的都是HRT。通常那些偏執的人談論的是
>
> 青春期阻斷劑，好像它們是HRT一樣。如果一些困惑的順性別孩子服用青春期阻斷劑，實際會發生的總體情況是……青春期延遲，直到他們意識到自己服用這些藥物沒有任何特殊原因並停止服用。沒有任何副作用需要擔心。
<!-- Sometimes you will hear naysayers suggesting that taking hormone therapy always improves mental health. I heard this myself when I came out to my mother. "Estrogen makes everyone happier." This is flat out false. When cis people are put on cross-hormone therapy it always results in dysphoria. This is one reason why Spironolactone is rarely ever prescribed to men, because the anti-androgen factor causes mental instability. Five to ten percent of cis women suffer from [polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycystic_ovary_syndrome), a condition which causes the ovaries to produce testosterone instead of estrogen. Ask any one of them how their mental health has been, and they will give you an earful. -->
有時你會聽到反對者聲稱，接受激素治療總是能改善心理健康。當我向我母親出櫃時，我自己也聽到了這種說法。「雌激素讓每個人都更快樂。」這完全是錯誤的。當順性別者接受跨性別激素治療時，總是會導致不安感。這就是螺環固醇內酮(Spironolactone)很少開給男性的原因之一，因為它的抗雄激素作用會導致心理不穩定。百分之五到十的順性別女性患有多囊性卵巢症候群 (PCOS)，這種疾病會導致卵巢產生睪固酮而不是雌激素。問她們任何一個人的心理健康狀況如何，她們都會滔滔不絕地向你傾訴。
<!-- One very potent demonstration of this is the tragic case of [David Reimer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Reimer). At seven months of age David and his twin brother were given circumcisions to treat a bad case of phimosis (a skin condition on the foreskin). David's went horribly wrong, and the penis was destroyed. The decision was made to perform vaginoplasty and raise him as a girl, including estrogen therapy at pubescence. By the age of 13, he was deep into suicidal depression and suffering greatly, as no amount of coaching and encouraging can make a boy enjoy being a girl. When his parents informed him of what had happened, he returned to a male presentation, switched to testosterone therapy, and over the course of his teen years had multiple operations in order to transition back to male. -->
一個非常有力的例子是 [大衛·利馬(David Reimer)](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A1%9B%C2%B7%E5%88%A9%E9%A6%AC) 的悲慘案例。大衛和他的雙胞胎兄弟在七個月大的時候接受了包皮環切術來治療嚴重的包莖（包皮上的一種皮膚病）。大衛的手術嚴重出了差錯，陰莖被毀掉了。於是決定進行陰道成形術，並把他當作女孩撫養，包括在青春期接受雌激素治療。到了 13 歲，他陷入了深深的自殺性抑鬱，並且非常痛苦，因為再多的指導和鼓勵都不能讓一個男孩享受作為女孩的生活。當他的父母告訴他發生的事情後，他恢復了男性的裝扮，改用睪固酮治療，並在青少年時期接受了多次手術，以便變回男性。
<!-- People know when they're living the wrong gender. -->
人們知道自己是否活在錯誤的性別當中。
<!-- Psychologist John Money oversaw David's case and was largely responsible for the decisions that were made in David's upbringing. Money, seeking to make a name for himself, massively misreported on David's case, calling it a complete success in his reports. The result of this echoes to this day, as Money's reports were used as an example of why performing genital corrective surgeries on intersex infants was an appropriate course of action. Fifty years later there are still doctors who believe that you can just change a child's genitals and raise them as that gender and it will stick. -->
心理學家約翰·曼尼(John Money) 負責大衛的案例，並且對大衛成長過程中所做的決定負有主要責任。曼尼為了揚名立萬，在他的報告中嚴重歪曲了大衛的案例，稱其完全成功。這一結果至今仍有影響，因為曼尼的報告被用作一個例子，說明為什麼對雙性嬰兒進行生殖器矯正手術是適當的做法。五十年後，仍然有醫生認為，你可以改變一個孩子的生殖器，並將他們按照該性別撫養長大，而且這種做法會有效。
<!-- This is the tragedy of the [intersex](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intersex) community. Roughly one in every 60 births results in some kind of intersex condition (though not all of these are related to genitalia). Often times the "corrective" procedures used on intersex children results in a loss of function and/or sensation. Far too frequently, doctors would opt towards forced female assignment because it was easier to construct a vulva than a penis. -->
這就是[陰陽人](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E6%80%A7%E4%BA%BA)社群的悲劇。大約每 60 個新生兒中就有一個患有某種陰陽人疾病（儘管並非所有這些都與生殖器相關）。通常情況下，用於陰陽人兒童的「矯正」手術會導致功能和/或感覺的喪失。醫生往往會選擇強制指定女性，因為構造外陰比構造陰莖更容易。